Conductive plastics represent a revolutionary class of materials, achieving a remarkable transformation from insulator to semiconductor to conductor—arguably the most significant property span possible in any material class. They uniquely combine the electrical conductivity of metals (where an applied voltage drives a current through the material) with the versatile characteristics of plastics (whose molecules consist of many small, repeating structural units). Compared to traditional conductive materials like metals, conductive plastics offer distinct advantages including light weight, ease of molding and processing, mechanical flexibility, high strength-to-weight ratios, lower cost potential, adjustable resistivity, and the ability to be synthesized or compounded into diverse structural forms.
Conductive plastics can be categorized based on their electrical conductivity into insulators, antistatic materials, conductors, and high conductors. Based on their production method, they are divided into structurally conductive polymers (where conductivity is intrinsic to the molecular structure) and compositely conductive plastics (where conductive fillers like carbon black or metal fibers are added to an insulating polymer matrix). The key characteristics of conductive plastics include being lightweight, tough, easily processed, capable of providing electromagnetic shielding, and suitable for injection molding and extrusion.
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